. See 'ashur. Noun אסיר ( 'asir) describes a prisoner (a bound one) and the similar noun אסיר ( 'assir) refers to a group of prisoners or their joined bond. Nineveh, however, was captured and the revolt suppressed after two years' duration by another son, Samas-Ramman IV, who shortly afterward, on his father's death, succeeded to the throne (824-812 BC). Originally, it is true, his feminine counterpart, Asirtu, the It ceases to be a nation. \ESARHADDON\. 2Kings 17:3 - 4Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria: and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents. In the age of Tell el-Amarna Letters (1400 BC) Assur-uballid was king of Assyria. It was founded in B.C. Meanwhile Tyre, which had rebelled, was forced to sue for peace, and ambassadors arrived from Gyges of Lydia asking for help against the Cimmerians. Detailed definition: (n pr m) the second son of Shem, eponymous ancestor of the Assyrians. His work was continued by Rassam (1851-54). The triangle formed by the Tigris and Zab, which enclosed these cities, was in later times included within the fortifications of the "great city" (Genesis 10:12; Jonah 3:3). A large part of his reign was spent in combating a great confederation of the northern nations (Armenia, Manna, etc.) In course of time, however, differences grew up between the spoken language and the language of literature, which had incorporated many Summerian words, and retained grammatical terminations that the vernacular had lost, though these differences were never very great. Assyria), its region and its empire -- Asshur, Assur, Assyria, Assyrians. After his death the Assyrian power declined; Pitru (Pethor, Numbers 22:5) fell into the hands of the Arameans and the road to the Mediterranean was blocked. He may be regarded as the founder of the first Assyrian empire. His son Hadad-nirari III (811-783 BC) was the next king, whose mother was Sammu-ramat (Semiramis). He then turned westward, and after receiving homage from the Hittite king of Carchemish, laid the Phoenicians under tribute. He died B.C. "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". And the fourth river is Euphrates. Whereas in Babylonia the temple was the chief public building, in Assyria the royal palace dominated everything, the temple being merely a royal chapel attached to the palace. After this the Assyrians gradually extended their power, subjugating the states of Northern Syria. When Nineveh took the place of Assur as the capital of the kingdom, Ishtar, around whose sanctuary Nineveh had grown up, began to share with him some of the honor of worship, though her position continued to be secondary to the end. The contents of the library of Nineveh were very various; religion, mythology, law, history, geography, zoology, philology, mathematics, astronomy, astrology and the pseudo-science of omens were all represented in it, as well as poetry and legendary romance. As might be expected, education was confined to the upper classes, more especially to the priests and scribes. In Biblical Names the meaning of the name Assyria is: Country of Assur or Ashur. In contradistinction to Babylonia, which was a theocratic state, the king being subordinate to the priest, the Assyrian king was supreme. To the North of the junction of the Tigris and Upper Zab, and opposite the modern Mossul, was a shrine of the goddess Ishtar, around which grew up the town of Nina, Ninua or Nineveh (now Kouyunjik and Nebi Yunus). Please enter your email address associated with your Salem All-Pass account, then click Continue. A revival came under Assur-nazir-pal III (884-860 BC) who rebuilt CALAH (which see) and established the seat of the government at Nineveh, where he erected a palace. Under Assur-etil-ilani, the son and successor of Assur-bani-pal, Calah was taken and sacked, and two reigns later, Sin-sar-iskun, the last king of Assyria, fell fighting against the Scythians (606 BC). Explore this article. Assur, the old capital of the country, was still standing in the age of Cyrus, but it had become a small provincial town; as for Nineveh and Calah, their very sites were forgotten. This was also the case with the war-god Nin-ip, called Mas in Assyria, whose cult was specially patronized by the Assyrian kings. 722. Water was raised from the river by means of a shaduf. SHALMANESER m Ancient Assyrian (Anglicized), Biblical, Biblical Hebrew From שַׁלְמַנְאֶסֶר (Shalman'eser), the Hebrew form of the Akkadian name Shulmanu-ashared meaning "SHULMANU is preeminent". One result of this was the necessity for constant war in order to occupy the soldiery and satisfy their demands with captured booty; and the result, as in the Northern Kingdom of Israel, was military revolution, with the seizure of the throne by the successful general. Assur-bani-pal employed agents to ransack the libraries of Babylonia and send their contents to Nineveh, where his library was filled with scribes who busied themselves in copying and editing ancient texts. 1Chronicles 1:17The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram, and Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Meshech. But the Hebrew narrative is usually so objective that any higher purpose involved in the part played by the Assyrians is not specially indicated, except in the general statement with regard to the guilt of Samaria (II Kings xvii. Theodor Nöldeke in 1871 gave philological support to the assumption that Syria and Assyria have the same etymology, a suggestion going back to John Selden (1617) rooted in his own Hebrew tradition about the descent of Assyrians from Jokshan. They were a military people, the "Romans of the East.". Tirhakah the Ethiopian who had headed its revolt was driven back to his own country, and for a time there was peace. For the history of his reign, see In the reign of Ahab, king of Israel, Shalmaneser II. Then under Tandamane, Tirhakah's successor, Egypt revolted again. After the Assyrians taunted Israel's God to stop them from taking the city, they suffered the worst military defeat in human history by losing 185,000 men in one night (2Kings 18 - 19)! The "Eponym" lists carry back an exact dating of time to the beginning of the 10th century BC. Egypt recovered its independence under Psammetichus, the founder of the XXVIth Dynasty (660 BC) who had received help from Lydia, but Babylonia was reconquered and Babylon after a long siege was starved out, Samas-sum-ukin burning himself in the ruins of his palace. after a siege of three years, and so put an end to the kingdom of Israel, carrying the people away into captivity, B.C. When the Cimmerians descended upon the empire shortly afterward, it was no longer in a condition to resist them. His name became the basis for the term Assyria that references both the nation and the people living in the land. Asur was originally Asir, "the leader" in war, who is accordingly depicted as a warrior-god armed with a bow and who in the age when solar worship became general in Babylonia was identified with the sun-god. He also brought under tribute Jehu, and the cities of Tyre and Sidon. Elam still remained independent and endeavored to stir up disaffection in Babylonia. Toward the end of the seventh century B.C.E., the Assyrian Empire began its rapid descent. All kinds of vases, bowls and dishes were made of earthenware, but they were rarely decorated. Babylonia had fallen into decay and been forced to protect herself from the rising power of Assyria by forming an alliance with Mitanni (Mesopotamia) and Egypt, and subsequently, when Mitanni had been absorbed by the Hittites, by practically becoming dependent on the Hittite king. In return the "Eponym" lists have enabled us to correct the chronology of the Books of Kings (see KINGS, BOOKS OF). Since the historians wrote under the influence of the view of Hebrew history taken by the Prophets, Assyria is regarded by them from the prophetic point of view. Apart from the native documents, the only trustworthy sources for the chronology (as for the history) of Assyria are the Old Testament records. From an early period Assyria had entered on a conquering career, and having absorbed Babylon, the kingdoms of Hamath, Damascus, and Samaria, it conquered Phoenicia, and made Judea feudatory, and subjected Philistia and Idumea. The earlier high priests of Assur known to us bear Mitannian names. Information and translations of Assyria in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions … Asshur, Assur, Assyria, Assyrians . This time the Assyrian punishment was merciless. 1915. Unlike Babylonia, Assyria abounded in stone; the brick buildings of Babylonia, accordingly, were replaced by stone, and the painted or tiled walls by sculptured slabs. See NINEVEH, LIBRARY OF. The turtannu or commander-in-chief, who took the place of the king when the latter was unable or unwilling to lead his forces, ranked next to the sovereign. A successful revolt, however, finally drove the Assyrian conqueror back to his own country, and when he was murdered soon afterward by his own son, the Babylonians saw in the deed a punishment inflicted by the god of Babylon.
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