Her party – which was led by incumbent Prime Minister Edward Heath – had lost the February 1974 general election. She then suffered a great personal loss in 2003, when her husband of more than 50 years, Denis, died. All she did was insist on preserving a rump of grammar schools (most of which survive) that made many "all-in" schools comprehensive in name only. In 2002, she published the book Statecraft, in which she offered her views on international politics. The university grants committee was replaced by a funding council, on which academics were reduced to a minority. Not long after leaving office, Thatcher was appointed to the House of Lords, as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven, in 1992. Thatcher was born as Margaret Hilda Roberts on October 13, 1925, in Grantham, England. Still, she earned the respect of her political party peers with her speeches. Gillian Anderson portrayed the former prime minister in season 4 of The Crown. New schools, called city technology colleges (CTCs), were set up, also under government control. Benazir Bhutto became the first female prime minister of Pakistan in 1988. The younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II, Princess Margaret drew attention for a personal life marked by controversial relationships. One of her staunchest allies was U.S. President Ronald Reagan, a fellow conservative. In 1970, as the Minister for Education, Margaret Thatcher advocated a hike in the education budget, and the creation of more schools. 70 Copy quote The first step in calculating which way to go is to find out where you are. She rose steadily within the party, serving as a parliamentary secretary in the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance (1961–64), as chief opposition spokesman on education (1969–70), and as secretary of state for education and science (1970–74) in the Conservative government of Edward Heath. On November 28, 1990, Thatcher departed from 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's official residence, for the last time. The content of school subjects — and even teaching methods — became politically contested territory. Later, in November 2010, Thatcher spent two weeks in the hospital for a condition that was later revealed to cause painful muscle inflammation. Subject to physical limits, a school must admit any child whose parents apply; it then automatically receives funding for that child to spend as it wishes. November 26, 1984. 8 Philips, D. and G. Whannel, 2013, p.148. They already account for more than half of all secondary schools. Margaret Thatcher’s “revolutionary” reforms helped to transform an ailing university system into a world-leading higher education system, a vice-chancellor has said. That is not the only paradox surrounding her educational legacy. Otherwise, she acted as a conventional departmental minister who, as the then prime minister Edward Heath never tired of recalling after she overthrew him as Tory leader, fought for funds to raise the school-leaving age and expand almost every sector of education. Protesters disrupted her speeches, the opposition press vilified her, and education policy itself seemed set immovably in a leftwards course, which she and many Conservatives found uncomfortable. In real life, Baroness Thatcher was born Margaret Hilda Roberts in 1925 in the midlands of England, and as the show continually reminds us, her father was a shopkeeper. While the Conservative Party lost power in 1974, Thatcher became a dominant force in her political party. That hatred drove her actions after 1979. The education department had little more than back-stop powers, allowing it to veto school closures or changes in character. Nor is the national curriculum ever likely to be as she intended. According to Margaret Thatcher, they were “independent state schools” 6, which shows the framework set by the 1944 Education Act was being abandoned. Margaret Thatcher (October 13, 1925 - April 8, 2013) was the first woman prime minister of the United Kingdom and the first European woman to serve as a prime minister. This attitude continued through Labour as well as Tory governments. But the free schools and academies now being created by Gove are the direct successors of Thatcher's grant-maintained schools and CTCs. Part of her life is depicted in the 2014 film 'Big Eyes.'. Argentina surrendered in June 1982. For schools, there was no national curriculum, no parental choice, no systematic means of monitoring performance, no publication of examination results beyond what schools themselves chose to reveal. “Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography — Herself Alone,” the third volume of Charles Moore’s massive biography, takes the story from her final years in power to her death in 2013. Nicknamed the "Iron Lady," Thatcher served as the prime minister of England from 1979 to 1990. Under Thatcher, the attempt to end local councils' grip on education began with the introduction of grant-maintained status, allowing schools to "opt out" of local authority control and receive funding directly from Whitehall. In 2005, Thatcher celebrated her 80th birthday. Later, she worked as a research chemist in Dartford. The aim of her premiership was supposedly to take the state out of people's lives. Interesting Facts About Margaret Thatcher. That same year, she signed an agreement with the Chinese government regarding the future of Hong Kong. Her father's maternal grandmother, Catherine Sullivan, was born in County Kerry, Ireland. Thatcher initially pressed on for party leadership in 1990, but eventually yielded to pressure from party members and announced her intentions to resign on November 22, 1990. The papers of the entire Heath Government at Britain's National Archives are now open for study. Politically active in her youth, Thatcher served as president of the Conservative Association at the university. Parents of Roke school in Croydon say 'farcical' consultation did not even ask them about control by Harris Federation, Your support powers our independent journalism, Available for everyone, funded by readers, More than one in four of England's 7.3 million state pupils attend a school with academy status, figures show, Mary Bousted, leader of Association of Teachers and Lecturers, to launch broadside against Michael Gove and his policies. Painter Margaret Keane created a unique, commercially popular artistic aesthetic during the 1960s, though unknown to the public for some time. From the mid-1980s, however, ministers behaved as though education were an ailing, near-bankrupt industry. If Thatcher had had her way, the CTCs would have charged small but significant fees to parents who could afford to pay, a principle she thought might be extended more widely. Margaret Thatcher became Britain's Conservative Party leader and in 1979 was elected prime minister, the first woman to hold the position. She was survived by her two children, daughter Carol and son Sir Mark. Margaret Thatcher, it has often been observed, approved the creation of more comprehensives between 1970 and 1974 than any education … As party leader, Thatcher made history in May 1979, when she was appointed Britain's first female prime minister. Thatcher faced a military challenge during her first term. Publicly, Thatcher voiced her support for Reagan's air raids on Libya in 1986 and allowed U.S. forces to use British bases to help carry out the attack. She was best known for her destruction of Britain's traditional industries through her attacks on labor organizations such as the miner's union, and for the massive privatization of social housing and public transport. Arguments over whether children should be taught knowledge or skills, facts or understanding, rules or critical thinking are thrashed out in Whitehall, Westminster and the media, not in school staffrooms. Taking swift action, Thatcher sent British troops to the territory to retake the islands in what became known as the Falklands War. Two years after graduating from college, Thatcher made her first bid for public office. She and her husband welcomed twins Carol and Mark the next year. Future historians may see the years 1997–2010, which seemed ones of frenetic activity at the time, as just a pause in a revolution begun by Thatcher and Kenneth Baker, her most hyperactive education secretary, and completed by Michael Gove. Thatcher resigned in 1990 due to unpopular policy and power struggles in her party. Margaret Sanger was an early feminist and women's rights activist who coined the term "birth control" and worked towards its legalization. Margaret Thatcher, Secretary of State for Education and Science 5 Aug 2014 During her first months in office she attracted public attention as a … Thatcher soon proved herself wrong. https://www.biography.com/political-figure/margaret-thatcher. They compete for customers and their business expands according to their perceived success, determined mainly by test and exam results published centrally. Most judges think it only a matter of time before such companies are allowed to take profits. This British territory had long been a source of conflict between the two nations, as the islands are located off the coast of Argentina. Number of children taught in academies reaches 2 million, Graham Stuart: 'You can't drive education like a sports car', Michael Gove attacked for 'shameful neglect' and undermining education, Primary school parents in row over takeover by academy chain. The most infamous cut of all was the Department of Education's decision to end universal free school milk- taken by Secretary of State Margaret Thatcher. A huge event was held in her honor and was attended by Queen Elizabeth II, Tony Blair and nearly 600 other friends, family members and former colleagues. Education: No.10 record of conversation (MT, Lady Young, Horace Cutler, David Smith) [Inner London Education Authority: Green Paper] [declassified Jan 2014] She earned a degree in chemistry in 1947 and went on to work as a research chemist in Colchester. In the first big public spending cuts of the 1980s, they suffered more than any other public service. Margaret Thatcher Margaret Roberts, the daughter of a grocer, Alfred Roberts, was born in Grantham, Lincolnshire, on 13th October, 1925. But documents released under the 30-Year-Rule paint a more complicated picture of what the future prime minister was prepared to sign up to. Nicknamed the "Iron Lady," Thatcher served as the prime minister of England from 1979 to 1990. As prime minister, Thatcher battled the country's recession by initially raising interest rates to control inflation. Thatcher's policies and actions continue to be debated by detractors and supporters alike, illustrating the indelible impression that she has left on Britain and nations worldwide. After a somewhat controversial four-year stay as the Secretary of Education and Science – a time which saw her implement a number of government cuts – Margaret Thatcher became the leader of the Conservative Party. Academics lost security of tenure, so that they could be sacked as easily as other salaried employees. After the Conservatives gained power in 1970, Thatcher was appointed secretary of education. The closure has been seen by some to mark the end of her public life. Battling memory problems in her later years due to her strokes, Thatcher retreated from the spotlight, living in near seclusion at her home in London's Belgravia neighborhood. In 2011, she sat out such a number of major events, including the wedding of Prince William in April, and the unveiling of the Ronald Reagan sculpture in London in July. In 1952, Thatcher put politics aside for a time to study law. The Heath Government, 1970-74 Margaret Thatcher served as Education Secretary throughout the term of the Heath Government, 1970-74. The two shared similar right-wing, pro-corporate political philosophies. Margaret Thatcher explored plans to overhaul the structure of English education when she was PM, files released by the National Archives show. All rights reserved. Margaret Hilda Roberts was born on 13 October 1925, in Grantham, Lincolnshire. In April 1982, Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands. Margaret Fuller is best known for feminist writing and literary criticism in 19th century America. Schools, therefore, operate in a quasi-market. Additionally, in July 2011, Thatcher's office in the House of Lords was permanently closed. One of her instructors was Dorothy Hodgkin, a Nobel Prize-winning scientist. First published on Mon 15 Apr 2013 20.18 BST. This instability helped return Conservatives to power in 1979. In many ways 'Thatcherism' was the product of that experience, both for her and for the Conservative Party. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Margaret Mitchell wrote the bestselling 1936 novel 'Gone With the Wind,' which was made into an enduring classic film. The government's grip over higher education was never to be relaxed: it became, over the following decades, ever tighter and more bureaucratic, as mechanisms were invented to measure teaching and research "quality". The first female prime minister of Britain, Margaret Thatcher was a controversial figurehead of conservative ideology during her time in office. The early 1970s saw student radicalism at its height and British politics at its least civil. Thatcher knew from the start that it would be nearly impossible to win the position away from the liberal Labour Party.
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